It's good to hear this from samsung. Small hope that they are listening to our concerns. It'll be most helpful if they give carrier agrigation in future updates.
No need to worry bro. Just press and hold app then select app info then go to storage and first select clear cache and then select clear data. Now open samsung store open samsung internet and update app. In 98% cases it will work.
Yes it damages if it's protected with a case then it damages nothing. While charging your phone turn off mobile data and wifi and in maximum cases try to charge your phone at early hours like from 5 to 7. Cause the climate is cool it reduces heating ...