Multiple Input Multiple Output

[Ashish658]

MIMO is effectively a radio antenna technology as it operates multiple antennas at the transmitter and receiver to facilitate a variety of signal paths to transmit the data, choosing separate paths for each antenna to enable multiple signal paths to be used.

One of the core ideas behind MIMO wireless systems space-time signal processing in which time (the natural dimension of digital communication data) is filled out with the spatial dimension inherent in the use of multiple spatially allocated antennas, i.e. the use of multiple antennas located at different points. Accordingly, MIMO wireless systems can be perceived as a logical extension to the smart antennas that have been used for many years to enhance wireless.

It is found between a transmitter and a receiver, the signal can put up with many paths. Additionally, by moving the antennas even a small distance the paths used will change. The variety of paths available occurs as a consequence of the number of objects that appear to the side or even in the direct path between the transmitter and receiver. Previously these multiple paths only served to introduce interference. By using MIMO, these additional paths can be used to advantage. They can be used to provide additional robustness to the radio link by improving the signal to noise ratio, or by increasing the link data capacity.

The two main configurations for MIMO are given below:

1. Spatial diversity: Spatial diversity used in this inflexible sense often implies to transmit and receive diversity. These two methodologies are used to provide improvements in the signal to noise ratio and they are characterised by improving the reliability of the system with respect to the various aspects of fading.

2. Spatial multiplexing: This form of MIMO is used to provide additional data capacity by utilising the different paths to transmit additional traffic, i.e. increasing the data throughput capability.

As a result of the use of multiple antennas, MIMO wireless technology is able to extensively increase the capability of a given channel while still obeying Shannon's law. By increasing the number of receive and transmit antennas it is possible to linearly boost the throughput of the channel with every pair of antennas added to the system. This makes MIMO wireless technology one of the most significant wireless techniques to be operated in recent years. As spectral bandwidth is becoming an ever more valuable commodity for radio communications systems, techniques are required to use the available bandwidth more effectively. MIMO wireless technology is one of these techniques.

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