MIMO, Multiple Input Multiple Output is used within LTE to provide improved signal performance and / or improved data rates using the multiple path propagation.
MIMO, Multiple Input Multiple Output is a technology that was introduced into many wireless communications systems including 4G LTE to improve the signal performance.
MIMO is basically an antenna technology as it utilises a number of antennas to provide the performance improvements.
MIMO, Multiple Input Multiple Output is a technology that was introduced into many wireless communications systems including 4G LTE to improve the signal performance.
MIMO is basically an antenna technology as it utilises a number of antennas to provide the performance improvements.
MIMO TECHNOLOGY
The basic concept of MIMO utilises the multipath signal propagation that is present in all terrestrial communications. Rather than providing interference, these paths can be used to advantage.
The transmitter and receiver have more than one antenna and using the processing power available at either end of the link, they are able to utilise the different paths that exist between the two entities to provide improvements in data rate of signal to noise.
MIMO is a form of antenna technology that uses multiple antennas to enable signals travelling via different paths as a result of reflections, etc., to be separated and their capability used to improve the data throughput and / or the signal to noise ratio, thereby improving system performance.
The transmitter and receiver have more than one antenna and using the processing power available at either end of the link, they are able to utilise the different paths that exist between the two entities to provide improvements in data rate of signal to noise.
MIMO is a form of antenna technology that uses multiple antennas to enable signals travelling via different paths as a result of reflections, etc., to be separated and their capability used to improve the data throughput and / or the signal to noise ratio, thereby improving system performance.
SIMO VS MIMO TECHNOLOGY
MIMO is being used increasingly in many high data rate technologies including Wi-Fi and other wireless and cellular technologies to provide improved levels of efficiency.
MIMO has been a cornerstone of the LTE standard, but initially, in releases 8 and 9 multiple transmit antennas on the UE was not supported because in the interested of power reduction, only a single RF power amplifier was assumed to be available.
MIMO has been a cornerstone of the LTE standard, but initially, in releases 8 and 9 multiple transmit antennas on the UE was not supported because in the interested of power reduction, only a single RF power amplifier was assumed to be available.
LTE MIMO modes
Single antenna:
Single antenna:
This is the form of wireless transmission used on most basic wireless links. A single data stream is transmitted on one antenna and received by one or more antennas. It may also be referred to as SISO: Single In Single Out or SIMO Single In Multiple Out dependent upon the antennas used. SIMO is also called receive diversity.
Transmit diversity:
Transmit diversity:
This form of LTE MIMO scheme utilises the transmission of the same information stream from multiple antennas. LTE supports two or four for this technique.. The information is coded differently using Space Frequency Block Codes. This mode provides an improvement in signal quality at reception and does not improve the data rate.
Open loop spatial multiplexing:
Open loop spatial multiplexing:
This form of MIMO used within the LTE system involves sending two information streams which can be transmitted over two or more antennas. However there is no feedback from the UE although a TRI, Transmit Rank Indicator transmitted from the UE can be used by the base station to determine the number of spatial layers.
Close loop spatial multiplexing :
Close loop spatial multiplexing :
This form of LTE MIMO is similar to the open loop version, but as the name indicates it has feedback incorporated to close the loop. A PMI, Pre-coding Matrix Indicator is fed back from the UE to the base station.
Multi-User MIMO, MU-MIMO:
Multi-User MIMO, MU-MIMO:
This form of LTE MIMO enables the system to target different spatial streams to different users.
Beam-forming & MIMO:
Beam-forming & MIMO:
This is the most complex of the MIMO modes and it is likely to use linear arrays that will enable the antenna to focus on a particular area. This will reduce interference, and increase capacity as the particular UE will have a beam formed in their particular direction. In this a single code word is transmitted over a single spatial layer. A dedicated reference signal is used for an additional port. The terminal estimates the channel quality from the common reference signals on the antennas.
As the LTE standards progressed, so the numbers of antennas being supported increased. For many mobiles the use of MIMO just resulted in improvements in signal performance, whereas for others it was able to provide real data rate improvements.
As the LTE standards progressed, so the numbers of antennas being supported increased. For many mobiles the use of MIMO just resulted in improvements in signal performance, whereas for others it was able to provide real data rate improvements.
Trivia
Bharti Airtel in India was the first to implement MIMO in India with around 5,000 massive MIMO Technology started in Bangalore and Kolkata and expanded to other states which is a key enabler for 5G networks.
Massive MIMO technology will expand existing network capacity by five to seven times using the existing spectrum, thereby improving spectral efficiency. Customers will now be able to experience two to three times superfast speeds on the existing 4G network. Data speeds will now also be seamless, offering enhanced user experience even indoors, in crowded places and high rise buildings. It would enable multiple users and multiple devices to work simultaneously without facing any congestion or experience issues especially at hotspot locations.
Vodafone Idea has deployed more than 5000 massive MIMO, small cells and TDD sites across Church gate, Prabhadevi, Pali hill, Lokhandwala, Versova, Andheri, Jogeshwari, Bandra and Dadar among other regions. The telco has also installed over 1900 indoor coverage solutions for high rises and commercial places. Huawei has provided the equipments to Vodafone Idea in the above circles.
Mukesh Ambani-led Reliance Jio has also Deployed MIMO Technologies in Metro cities
Bharti Airtel in India was the first to implement MIMO in India with around 5,000 massive MIMO Technology started in Bangalore and Kolkata and expanded to other states which is a key enabler for 5G networks.
Massive MIMO technology will expand existing network capacity by five to seven times using the existing spectrum, thereby improving spectral efficiency. Customers will now be able to experience two to three times superfast speeds on the existing 4G network. Data speeds will now also be seamless, offering enhanced user experience even indoors, in crowded places and high rise buildings. It would enable multiple users and multiple devices to work simultaneously without facing any congestion or experience issues especially at hotspot locations.
Vodafone Idea has deployed more than 5000 massive MIMO, small cells and TDD sites across Church gate, Prabhadevi, Pali hill, Lokhandwala, Versova, Andheri, Jogeshwari, Bandra and Dadar among other regions. The telco has also installed over 1900 indoor coverage solutions for high rises and commercial places. Huawei has provided the equipments to Vodafone Idea in the above circles.
Mukesh Ambani-led Reliance Jio has also Deployed MIMO Technologies in Metro cities
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