Hey, run a diagnostic on your phone. Also, try operating it in safe mode. If it still doesn't work, you should probably take it to a Samsung Service Center. If this helps, click the three dots and select "Accept Solution." Thanks!
Kindly reset factory data with backup then try to it's again. If you like please accept as a solution it's help to others users also, click on 3dots in my reply section and click on accept solution. Thanks.
As per your concern, you have mentioned that your microphone working fine while calling. However, if you are facing an issue while voice recording on any application, So, we would request you to please check the app permissions once if it is allowed or not for using a microphone by following the given path and if you find the microphone permission disable/disallowed kindly allow the enable or allow the permissions.
Path: To access your app permission settings> open Settings and tap Apps> Select an app and tap Permissions. You can check the app’s permissions list and change its permissions.
To check or change app permission settings by permission category, open Settings and tap Apps→ Permission Manager. Select an item and select an app. If you do not grant permissions to apps, the basic features of the apps may not function properly. App permissions: Check the list of apps that have permission to access the device’s location and edit the permission settings.
If the issue still occurs, please visit the service center for a physical inspection of your device. You can locate your nearest service center with this given link: https://www.samsung.com/in/support/service-center/
